COAGULATION :-
Coagulation is the process by which particles become destabilized and begin to clump together.
Coagulation is an essential component in water treatment operations. Evaluation and optimization of the coagulation/rapid mixing step of the water treatment process includes a variety of aspects. Optimal coagulant dosages are critical to proper floc formation and filter performance. Maintaining the proper control of these chemicals can mean the difference between an optimized surface plant and a poorly run surface plant. Inadequate mixing of chemicals or their addition at inappropriate points in the treatment plant can also limit performance.
Optimum Dose of Coagulant-1
Optimum Dose of Coagulant-2
RESIDUAL CHLORINE :-
Residual Chlorine Measurement-1
Residual Chlorine Measurement-2
TURBIDITY :-
Turbidity refers to water clarity. The greater amount of suspended solids in the water, the murkier it appears, and the higher the measured turbidity. The major source of turbidity in the open water zone of most lakes is typically phytoplankton, but closer to shore, particulates may also include clays and silts from shoreline erosion, re-suspended bottom sediments, and organic detritus from stream and/or water discharges.
Turbidity Measurement-1
Turbidity Measurement-2
Coagulation is the process by which particles become destabilized and begin to clump together.
Coagulation is an essential component in water treatment operations. Evaluation and optimization of the coagulation/rapid mixing step of the water treatment process includes a variety of aspects. Optimal coagulant dosages are critical to proper floc formation and filter performance. Maintaining the proper control of these chemicals can mean the difference between an optimized surface plant and a poorly run surface plant. Inadequate mixing of chemicals or their addition at inappropriate points in the treatment plant can also limit performance.
Optimum Dose of Coagulant-1
Optimum Dose of Coagulant-2
RESIDUAL CHLORINE :-
Tests for chlorine residual are probably the most frequently performed tests at water treatment plants. The word "residual" means "remainder" or "that which is left", and as the name suggests the chlorine residual test is used to measure the amount of chlorine remaining in the water at the time the test is made. The chlorine residual is usually tested in finished water which is ready to be released into the distribution system, although operators must also ensure that there is adequate residual at the extreme ends of the distribution system.
There are three types of chlorine residual which must be considered in water treatment.
- Free chlorine residual - residual consisting of dissolved chlorine gas, hypochlorous acid, and hypochlorite ions
- Combined chlorine residual - residual consisting of other forms of chlorine such as chloramines which are capable of killing bacteria and oxidizing organic matter
- Total chlorine residual - the sum of the free chlorine residual and the combined chlorine residual
Residual Chlorine Measurement-1
Residual Chlorine Measurement-2
TURBIDITY :-
Turbidity refers to water clarity. The greater amount of suspended solids in the water, the murkier it appears, and the higher the measured turbidity. The major source of turbidity in the open water zone of most lakes is typically phytoplankton, but closer to shore, particulates may also include clays and silts from shoreline erosion, re-suspended bottom sediments, and organic detritus from stream and/or water discharges.
Turbidity Measurement-1
Turbidity Measurement-2
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