31/03/2015

FREE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PRACTICAL VIDEOS-2

DISSOLVED OXYGEN :-
Dissolved oxygen refers to the level of free, non-compound oxygen present in water or other liquids. It is an important parameter in assessing water quality because of its influence on the organisms living within a body of water. In limnology (the study of lakes), dissolved oxygen is an essential factor second only to water itself . A dissolved oxygen level that is too high or too low can harm aquatic life and affect water quality.

Image result for dissolved oxygen diagram

Image result for dissolved oxygen diagram

Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen

Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen

pH VALUE :-
Pure water is neutral, with a pH of 7.0. When chemicals are mixed with water, the mixture can become either acidic or basic. Vinegar and lemon juice are acidic substances, while laundry detergents and ammonia are basic
Image result for alkalinity of water

Measurement of pH Value

Water Quality :-

Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological characteristics of water. It is a measure of the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or purpose. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance can be assessed. The most common standards used to assess water quality relate to health of ecosystems, safety of human contact and drinking water.
Image result for WATER ANALYSING

Measurement using Water Analysis Kit

28/03/2015

FREE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PRACTICAL VIDEOS-1

COAGULATION :-
Coagulation is the process by which particles become destabilized and begin to clump together.
Coagulation is an essential component in water treatment operations. Evaluation and optimization of the coagulation/rapid mixing step of the water treatment process includes a variety of aspects. Optimal coagulant dosages are critical to proper floc formation and filter performance. Maintaining the proper control of these chemicals can mean the difference between an optimized surface plant and a poorly run surface plant. Inadequate mixing of chemicals or their addition at inappropriate points in the treatment plant can also limit performance.

Optimum Dose of Coagulant-1

Optimum Dose of Coagulant-2

RESIDUAL CHLORINE :-

Tests for chlorine residual are probably the most frequently performed tests at water treatment plants. The word "residual" means "remainder" or "that which is left", and as the name suggests the chlorine residual test is used to measure the amount of chlorine remaining in the water at the time the test is made. The chlorine residual is usually tested in finished water which is ready to be released into the distribution system, although operators must also ensure that there is adequate residual at the extreme ends of the distribution system.

There are three types of chlorine residual which must be considered in water treatment.

Free chlorine residual - residual consisting of dissolved chlorine gas, hypochlorous acid, and hypochlorite ions
Combined chlorine residual - residual consisting of other forms of chlorine such as chloramines which are capable of killing bacteria and oxidizing organic matter
Total chlorine residual - the sum of the free chlorine residual and the combined chlorine residual

Residual Chlorine Measurement-1

Residual Chlorine Measurement-2

TURBIDITY :-
Turbidity refers to water clarity. The greater amount of suspended solids in the water, the murkier it appears, and the higher the measured turbidity. The major source of turbidity in the open water zone of most lakes is typically phytoplankton, but closer to shore, particulates may also include clays and silts from shoreline erosion, re-suspended bottom sediments, and organic detritus from stream and/or water discharges.
Image result for TURBIDITY

Turbidity Measurement-1

Turbidity Measurement-2

27/03/2015

HAPPY RAM NAVAMI TO ALL

HAPPY RAM NAVAMI TO ALL

Ram Navami is celebrated to proclaim the birth of Lord Sriram, the seventh incarnation of Lord Vishnu. The 9th day (Navami) in the bright fortnight of the Hindu lunar month of Chaitra is referred to as Ram Navami. On this day, when the five planets and the sun, etc. were in the first house of cancer at noon along with the lunar asterism Pushya, Ramachandra was born in Ayodhya. Several temples of Shriram celebrate this festival for nine days beginning from the first day (pratipada) of Chaitra. It is celebrated by periodic readings (parayans) of the Ramayan, organising spiritual discourses (kirtans) and beautifully embellishing Shriram’s idol. On the ninth day, in the afternoon, a spiritual discourse on Shriram’s birth is held. At noon, a coconut draped in a hooded cloak is placed in a cradle and the cradle is rocked. Devotees shower a red, fragrant powder (gulal) and flowers onto it.

JAI SHREE RAM

26/03/2015

FREE VIDEOS OF PRACTICALS SOIL MECHANICS PRACTICALS

Dry unit weight

It is defined as “ the weight of soil solids per unit total volume of sample”

Dry Unit Weight of Soil = ( Weight of Soil Solids/Total Volume of Soil)

Since

W = Wa + Ww + Ws = 0 + 0 + Ws = Ws = Wd , therefore,

When all the voids of soil are filled with air it is called Dry Soil and Unit Weight as Dry Unit Weight e.g. Oven Dried Soil in Laboratory

VIDEOS
Determination of Dry Density of Soil by Core Cutter Method
Determination of Dry Density of Soil by Sand Replacement Method
Determination of Dry Density of Soil by Sand Replacement Method

AS PER IS-( INDIAN STANDARD)
IS 13468 (pdf) 1992 Apparatus for determination of dry density of soil by core cutter method-
IS 2720-28 Determination of dry density of soils, in-place, by the sand replacement method
IS-2720-29 Determination of Dry Density of Soils In-place by the Core-cutter Method

1. Liquid limit

The water content at which the soil has such a small shear strength that it flows to close a groove of standard width when jarred in a specified manner. The Liquid Limit, also known as the upper plastic limit, is the water content at which soil changes from the liquid state to a plastic state. OR It is the minimum moisture content at which a soil flows upon application of very small shear force. Liquid Limit (LL or WL) ‑ the water content, in percent, of a soil at the arbitrarily defined boundary between the semi‑liquid and plastic states.

Liquid limit is defined as “ the moisture content at which soil changes from liquid state to plastic state”

According to Casagrande Liquid Limit Test it is also defined as “ the moisture content at which two sides of a groove come close together for a distance of 12.7 mm under the impact of 25 number of blows”
According to fall cone test method Liquid Limit is also defined as “the moisture content at which the cone( fall cone test) penetrates with in the soil for 1 cm when falls freely for 5 seconds.

2. Plastic limit

The water content at which the soil begins to crumble when rolled into threads of specified size. The Plastic Limit, also known as the lower plastic limit, is the water content at which a soil changes from the plastic state to a semisolid state. Plastic Limit (PL or WP) ‑ the water content, in percent, of a soil at the boundary between the plastic and semi‑solid states.

It is defined as “The moisture content at which the soil behaves like a plastic material is called plastic limit”

It may also be defined as “The moisture content at which the soil changes from plastic state to semi solid state"

Determination of Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit of Soil
Determination of Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit of Soil

AS PER IS-( INDIAN STANDARD)

IS 2720-5 Methods of test for soils, Part 5: Determination of liquid and plastic limit

24/03/2015

FREE VIDEO LECTURES OF FLUID MECHANICS FROM CALIFORNIA

FLUID MECHANICS VIDEO LECTURES-

Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics which involves the study of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasma) and the forces on them.Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid statics, the study of fluids at rest; and fluid dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion.

21/03/2015

FREE VIDEOS OF MATLAB CIVIL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS

MAT LAB:- MATLAB is the high-level language and interactive environment used by millions of engineers and scientists worldwide. It lets you explore and visualize ideas and collaborate across disciplines including signal and image processing, communications, control systems, and computational finance.

Numeric Computation

18/03/2015

FREE BOOKS OF FLUID MECHANICS

FLUID MECHANICS-

IT IS THE SUBJECT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IN WHICH WE STUDY ABOUT THE MOTION OF FLUIDS, BEHAVIOR OF FLUID MASS...

LINKS ARE GIVEN BELOW FOR 5 BOOKS-

FLUID MECHANICS BOOK-1
FLUID MECHANICS BOOK-2
FLUID MECHANICS-3
FLUID MECHANICS BOOK-4
FLUID MECHANICS BOOK-5 EXEPERIMENTAL

16/03/2015

FREE BOOKS OF fluid mechanics

What is a fluid?

Three common states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
A fluid is either a liquid or a gas.
If surface effects are not present, flow behaves similarly in all common fluids, whether gases or liquids.
The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involves various properties of the fluid, such as velocity, pressure, density and temperature, as functions of space and time.

BOOKS LINKS ARE GIVEN BELOW

1- fluid mechanics by iit kanpur
2- FLUID MECHANICS-1
3- FLUID MECHANICS BY MASSEY
4- FLUID MECHANICS-2
5- FLUID MECHANICS FROM MIT

13/03/2015

FREE BOOKS OF SOIL MECHANICS-2

Geotechnical engineering is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. Geotechnical engineering is important in civil engineering, but also has applications in military, mining, petroleum and other engineering disciplines that are concerned with construction occurring on the surface or within the ground. Geotechnical engineering uses principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to investigate subsurface conditions and materials; determine the relevant physical/mechanical and chemical properties of these materials; evaluate stability of natural slopes and man-made soil deposits; assess risks posed by site conditions; design earthworks and structure foundations; and monitor site conditions, earthwork and foundation construction.

GEO TECH ENGINEERING

Image result for rf craig's soil mechanics

SOIL MECHANICS BY CRAIG

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

SOIL MECHANICS BY ARNOLD VEROJIT

11/03/2015

SOIL MECHANICS BY TERZAGHI

41st Karl Terzaghi Lecture: Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice

Professor Del Fredlund

Unsaturated soil mechanics has rapidly become a part of geotechnical engineering practice as a result of solutions that have emerged to a number of key problems (or challenges). The solutions have emerged from numerous research studies focusing on issues that have a hindrance to the usage of unsaturated soil mechanics. The primary challenges to the implementation of unsaturated soil mechanics can be stated as follows:

The need to understand the fundamental, theoretical behaviour of an unsaturated soil;
the formulation of suitable constitutive equations and the testing for uniqueness of proposed constitutive relationships;
the ability to formulate and solve one or more nonlinear partial differential equations using numerical methods;
the determination of indirect techniques for the estimation of unsaturated soil property functions, and
in situ and laboratory devices for the measurement of a wide range of soil suctions.

This presentation outlines the nature of each of the previous challenges and describes the solutions that have emerged from research studies. breakthroughs in the in situ and laboratory measurement of soil suction are allowing unsaturated soil theories and formulations to be verified through use of the ‘observational method’.

SOIL MECHANICS BY TERZAGHI

Image result for SOIL MECHANICS BY BRAJA M DAS

ADVANCED SOIL MECHANICS BY BRAJA DAS

Civil Engineering Free Books, Video Lectures, Pdf Notes